General
A Decade of System Justification Theory: Accumulated Evidence of Conscious and Unconscious Bolstering of the Status Quo—by John T. Jost, Mahzarin R. Banaji, Brian A. Nosek, Political Psychology (2004)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/4xhe8zbxbrllbuw2z2cdt017cig26i8x
A Portrait of Jewish Americans: Findings from a Pew Research Center Survey of U.S. Jews—by the Pew Research Center (2013)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/n6r8kljh8zz8y5tokbbe7vgvf7453tly
American = White?—by Thierry Devos, Mahzarin R. Banaji, Personality & Social Psychology (2005)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/76syjkvlodojm4qqr4tph8hpd8yx9un3
Anti-Semitic Attitudes in Europe: A Comparative Perspective—by Werner Bergmann, Journal of Social Issues (2008)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/e8l1o7ijcij099xf82jc4zkodr483xit
Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination—by See Marianne Bertrand & Sendhil Mullainathan, American Economic Review (2004)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/ki25fgasc1nuyg8zz97xh6l6937azlfp
Asian Americans Under the Influence of “Japan Bashing”—by Masako Iino, Mid-America American Studies Association (1994)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/iybf9v05jykeji6jeuo3whjhii2xwlw5
Attitudes Toward Asian Americans: Theory and Measurement—by Colin Ho & Jay W. Jackson, Applied Soc. Psychol (2001).
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/1f2rtryt1d7enradkylhjxe4qfd464j6
Cognition, Affect, and Behavior in the Prediction of Group Attitudes—by Linda A. Jackson et al., Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin (1996).
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/nz3au61zqxpil0jv5ws1kvn3pmw02y6f
Compliments Will Get You Nowhere: Benign Stereotypes, Prejudice and Anti-Semitism—by Thomas C. Wilson, The Sociological Quarterly (1996)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/fiwam5r98fcriusxdvljbk01cjs51lb7
Culpable Causation—by Mark D. Alicke, Personality & Social Psychology (1992)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/t9ailu44vxv8i3o7gmmu6jsn6zegl2iz
Ethnic Dislikes and Stereotypes: A Laboratory Study—by Gregory Razran, Journal of Abnormal Psychology (1950).
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/v45vg8l5cgzhjzdden2tud8xkc59r2j8
Discrimination and the Implicit Association Test—by Laurie A. Rudman & Richard D. Ashmore, Group Processes & Intergroup Relations (2007)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/z01k5dsl71j2jiqnk261nqhcz2vugt7f
Fair Measures: A Behavioral Realist Revision of “Affirmative Action”—by Jerry Kang & Mahzarin R. Banaji, California Law Review (2006)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/l6whu2v9mq8qq9yeilj8siiqydjza815
“Fairness or Bias?: A Symposium on Racial and Ethnic Composition and Attitudes in the Judiciary”—by Ming W. Chin, Asian Law Journal (1997)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/qqxr69bnkhldufce7c92ssqsmdulo80a
Gender Differences in Automatic In-Group Bias: Why Do Women Like Women More Than Men Like Men?—by Laurie A. Rudman & Stephanie A. Goodwin, Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (2004)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/grslvs0x9xrjtj2dv6f2qjr7vxg0tq4y
Ignoring the Sexualization of Race: Heteronormativity, Critical Race Theory and Anti-Racist Politics—by Darren Lenard Hutchinson, Buffalo Law Review (1999)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/3iboqjvqelzaq13m5lx2vbb4ngmd8z1z
Implicit Ageism—by Becca R. Levy & Mahzarin R. Banaji, in Ageism: Stereotyping And Prejudice Against Older Persons (Todd D. Nelson ed., 2002)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/qyx11l3ehd9bmlpfmrwi7wm0yv1pmkim
Implicit Attitudes Toward Arab-Muslims and the Moderating Effects of Social Information—by Jaihyun Park et al., Basic & Applied Social Psychology (2007)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/3wuovl8aamx8jw09if13zklo37jzloec
Implicit Bias Among Physicians and Its Prediction of Thrombolysis Decisions for Black and White Patients—by Alexander R. Green et al., The Journal of General Internal Medicine (2007)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/g7exlhsmqz1jksqrxoi47sv733tzyxxj
Implicit Bias and Contact: The Role of Interethnic Friendships—by Christopher L. Aberson et al., Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (2004)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/gkok6hb5hmgl0wry0gh60gp4vowel2n7
Automatic Associations and Discrimination in Hiring: Real World Evidence—by Dan-Olof Rooth, Labour Economics, (2010)
Can’t Find
Implicit Gender Bias in the Legal Profession: An Empirical Study—by Justin D. Levinson & Danielle Young, Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy (2010)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/83nh1twmex4n03xnpt82f9pgj5837eh1
Implicit Gender Stereotyping in Judgments of Fame—by Mahzarin R. Banaji & Anthony G. Greenwald, Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (1995)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/vyoaj17q3ezn4kcnsv27arua7t7q3nid
Intention, Intentional Action and Moral Considerations—by Joshua Knobe, Analysis (2004)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/fx2e8oavhll031e0jm6q56lx0bcs0y4g
Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implicit Association Test—by Anthony G. Greenwald et al., Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (1998).
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/0padjmkecf9tx9cqawtbh1tumkmyyxiz
Measuring the Automatic Components of Prejudice: Flexibility and Generality of the Implicit Association Test—by Laurie A. Rudman et al., Social Cognition (1999)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/x7jazruierav3o2t9shyj42rddrjhhec
Model Minority, Yellow Peril: Functions of “Foreignness” in the Construction of Asian American Legal Identity—by Natsu Taylor Saito, Asian Law Journal (1997)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/3pmfski4lwj8zqcun8c6lg0nhpg49zl5
National Demographic Survey of American Jewish College Students 2014: Anti-Semitism Report—by Barry A. Kosmin & Ariela Keysar, Trinity College Connecticut & The Louis D Brandeis Center (2015)
Can’t Find
Personal Religious Orientation and Prejudice—by Gordon W. Allport & J. Michael Ross, Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (1967)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/0dr1k9pg5pdrq73rroc6ia0yn46n39tu
Pervasiveness and Correlates of Implicit Attitudes and Stereotypes—by Brian A. Nosek et al., European Review of Personality & Social Psychology (2007)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/gnjb06rzf20m7omi0pm5mgkepcu0uptc
Property Law: Implicit Bias and the Resilience of Spatial Colorlines—by Michelle Wilde Anderson & Victoria C. Plant, in Implicit Racial Bias Across The Law (2012)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/2leu9664s7ls51b7pfl9nz3fk5jcsx0k
Racial Stereotypes of One Hundred College Students—by Daniel Katz & Kenneth Braly, Abnormal & Social Psychology (1933)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/imlcy5u764lax0pw91qfnd2niyzjo8rb
Racial Violence Against Asian Americans—by Jerry Kang, Harvard Law Review (1993)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/iseymkc5fj9k0ojhupck1223silqw3ve
Stereotyping Asian Americans: The Dialectic of the Model Minority and the Yellow Peril—by Yuko Kawai, Howard Journal of Communications (2005)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/jfreiqed9m3sfk780m4vweyfkiwk9m1b
Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination—by Susan T. Fiske, in Handbook Of Social Psychology (Daniel T. Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske & Gardener Lindzey eds., 1998)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/avnxaem7gc9ylr121ifrzsrf3kxz0a8b
Systemic Implicit Bias—by Justin D. Levinson & Robert J. Smith, Yale Law Journal (2017)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/0oue5t5q21198jto5glg36khp423yksi
The Call for and Role of Asian Lawyers in the Deep South—by Jou-Chi Ho, Seattle Journal of Social Justice (2014)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/ui4q3beswl7se7fzcrb454vacn14gwff
The Jewish Law Firm: Past and Present—by Eli Wald, in Jews And The Law (Ari Mermelstein et al. eds., 2014).
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/n5svbyndnefxnmlsyemiuejn5xb7aw1t
The Trouble of Thinking: Activation and Application of Stereotypic Beliefs—by Daniel T. Gilbert, J. Gregory Hixon, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1991)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/usizbgtipf648wzbosfrigpdvf1mqlf0
Too Smart for His Own Good? The Devolution of a “Model” Asian American Student—by Nary Kim, Asian American Law Journal (2013)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/848vfm7wudhwca5gu0y13d8va98fvvod
Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: I. An Improved Scoring Algorithm—by Anthony G. Greenwald et al., Personality & Social Psychology (2003).
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/eemd63hr27l743gs6nvehh3pdmdv7i69
Voices of America: Accent, Antidiscrimination Law, and a Jurisprudence for the Last Reconstruction—by Mari J. Matsuda, Yale Law Journal (1991).
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/kmkjhxsku1sr1oebh7zxyn82jaoymldj
Implicit Bias in the Age of Trump
none
De-bias Techniques
On the Malleability of Automatic Attitudes: Combating Automatic Prejudice with Images of Admired and Disliked Individuals—by Nilanjana Dasgupta & Anthony G. Greenwald, Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (2001)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/iv5zw0sd653d6piw3iu9j2h87zkkd1m6
Misperceptions based on Race-Threat Level/Dating
Not Yet Human: Implicit Knowledge, Historical Dehumanization, and Contemporary Consequences—by Phillip Atiba Goff et al., Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (2008)
Can’t Find
Prejudice and Perception: The Role of Automatic and Controlled Processes in Misperceiving a Weapon—by B. Keith Payne Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (2001)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/6vg4x6eppnq8yigwja0qeejpygly8j98
Seeing Black: Race, Crime, and Visual Processing—by Jennifer L. Eberhardt et al., Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (2004)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/62q0mm2ufkzv7kmffr6u5sloevjjwnji
Stereotypes and Prejudice: Their Automatic and Controlled Components—by Patricia G. Devine, Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (1989)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/purwgezxiazl79c7y44udw52yubdltdm
The Influence of Stereotypes on Decisions to Shoot—by Joshua Correll et al., European Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (2007)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/5kygkw7bwdo9lwf5r64c3o796w6vrp92
The Police Officer’s Dilemma: Using Ethnicity to Disambiguate Potentially Threatening Individuals—by Joshua Correll et al., Journal of Personality & Social Psychology (2002)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/yivvqd3enr270apivqht2ifxlal23cbq
The World Is Not Black and White: Racial Bias in the Decision to Shoot in a Multiethnic Context—by Melody S. Sadler et al., Journal of Social Issues (2012)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/qtkuof1u4o43esq8st86lgd7hrwekzk3
School Discipline
none
Law
Courtroom/Judicial Decision Making/Mediation
A “Holocaust in Slow Motion?” America’s Mass Incarceration and the Role of Discretion—by Mark Osler & Mark W. Bennett, DePaul Journal of Social Justice (2014)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/7o4m0imav4wuu1wnvzsj6vgte8bzfcvk
Mark W. Bennett, A Slow Motion Lynching? The War on Drugs, Mass Incarceration, Doing Kimbrough Justice, and a Response to Two Third Circuit Judges, Rutgers Law Review (2014)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/bho1acup6o07hhjl1d7rdgbowj9eg21p
Are Ideal Litigators White? Measuring the Myth of Colorblindness—by Jerry Kang et al., Journal of Empirical Legal Studies (2010)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/btpegpfvuk7saotcvaq8glfrsf2zrkgg
Asymmetry as Fairness: Reversing a Peremptory Trend—by Anna Roberts, Washington University Law Review (2015).
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/4bhmx0u047dag3zfita9py18rxs1s2zl
Justin D. Levinson & Kaiping Peng, Different Torts for Different Cohorts: A Cultural Psychological Critique of Tort Law’s Actual Cause and Foreseeability Inquiries, Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal (2004).
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/ltq5jm56g86y6iyrffb8darxuknyqdrq
When Neurogenetics Hurts: Examining the Use of Neuroscience and Genetic Evidence in Sentencing Decisions Through Implicit Bias—by John Pyun, California Law Review (2015)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/jm9wqg0dmtgejtmbz8zpgstg0wcuoxi8
Forgotten Racial Equality: Implicit Bias, Decisionmaking, and Misremembering—by Justin D. Levinson, Duke Law Journal (2007)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/yv6zra04nwtjxbkug60229zkke4khl1v
Implicit Bias in the Courtroom—by Jerry Kang et al., UCLA Law Review (2012)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/g6zwuoxpq9xzaeog1l080lc3bddfzby9
Implicit Racial Bias in Public Defender Triage—by L. Song Richardson & Philip Atiba Goff, Yale Law Journal (2013)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/iyosxisgh072vmzxcc2z2piqqogkppvn
Judging Federal White-Collar Fraud Sentencing: An Empirical Study Revealing the Need for Further Reform—by Mark W. Bennett, Justin D. Levinson & Koichi Hioki, Iowa Law Review (2017)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/mnvsy6zzl7f820qz6nw6wgcs8o4rmazk
Judicial Discretion in Common Law Courts– by Richard B. Spindle, Washington & Lee Law Review (1947)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/qzqhmf6e8j1gqn01i6pm4h3g4yl8g1wd
Jurisprudence of the New Anti-Semitism– by Kenneth L. Marcus, Wake Forest Law Review (2009)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/4fg42voypyf87dde4fj7nrn4s8y71ssw
Peremptory Challenges Based on Religious Affiliation: Are They Constitutional?—by Daniel M. Hinkle, Buffalo Criminal Law Review (2005)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/ymvn2d3lbdgsl8ss0uv4mx3ciaxbjh1k
Race, Death, and the Complicitous Mind—by Justin D. Levinson, DePaul Law Review (2009)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/aazir7anx1camo79h5pzfuuhblsajxox
Racial Stereotyping of Asians and Asian Americans and Its Effect on Criminal Justice: A Reflection on the Wayne Lo Case—by Rhoda J. Yen, Asian Law Journal (2000)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/fsrngfsbvsszcljths877ipcd6c33r6p
Stereotypes and Prejudice: Their Automatic and Controlled Components—by Patricia G. Devine, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (1989)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/cgqew2uq9httfepqqorunofozhf1yn3y
The Impact of Implicit Racial Bias on the Exercise of Prosecutorial Discretion—by Robert J. Smith & Justin D. Levinson, Seattle University Law Review (2012)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/mvcme5d0r46a7wsiyad5p2zhxkn1xl3y
…..b. Criminal Justice System/Jury Selection
Unraveling the Gordian Knot of Implicit Bias in Jury Selection: The Problems of Judge-Dominated Voir Dire, the Failed Promise of Batson, and Proposed Solutions—by Mark W. Bennett, Harvard Law & Policy Review (2010)
Can’t Find
Devaluing Death: An Empirical Study of Implicit Racial Bias on Jury-Eligible Citizens in Six Death Penalty States—by Justin D. Levinson et al., N.Y.U. Law Review (2014)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/4g2tp4qr53sawnwee9hs72a9k4oom7bz
Different Shades of Bias: Skin Tone, Implicit Racial Bias, and Judgments of Ambiguous Evidence—by Justin D. Levinson & Danielle Young, West Virginia Law Review (2010)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/tx8um2hnttlwmbocmsljfjyr7pflu4ys
Does Unconscious Racial Bias Affect Trial Judges?—by Jeffrey J. Rachlinski et al., Notre Dame Law Review (2009)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/xnwt84iby7wvlmg4x3czrlnn8ej77hpa
Guilty by Implicit Racial Bias: The Guilty/Not Guilty Implicit Association Test—by Justin D. Levinson et al., Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law, (2010)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/waxs2z9cn1rv71uljo3sga2hkmhcn6nx
Implicit Racial Attitudes of Death Penalty Lawyers—by Theodore Eisenberg & Sheri Lynn Johnson, DePaul Law Review (2004)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/7mzbaci4akmc1l87nk2atp1rgilyq6vx
Looking Deathworthy: Perceived Stereotypicality of Black Defendants Predicts Capital-Sentencing Outcomes—by Jennifer L. Eberhardt et al., Psychological Science (2006)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/ywibx7cql5hm1j7ofcblj9vfphkrgv8d
Mandatory Sentencing and Racial Disparity: Assessing the Role of Prosecutors and the Effects of Booker—by Sonja B. Starr & M. Marit Rehavi, Yale Law Journal (2013)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/py175vjcn7ii6t1fpi002b4si61fio62
Punishing the ‘Model Minority’: Asian-American Criminal Sentencing Outcomes in Federal District Courts—by Johnson & Sara Betsinger, Criminology (2009)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/a4nky1qrmxqbvnli55xt8qm5h577qt1q
Racial Disparities in Incarceration Increase Acceptance of Punitive Policies—by Rebecca C. Hetey & Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Psychological Science (2014)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/iufbnu78wqxaj93jb2oy8snwj98enmv8
Racial Disparity in Federal Criminal Charging and Its Sentencing Consequences—by Sonja B. Starr & M. Marit Rehavi, University of Michigan Law & Economics Working Paper Series (2012).
Can’t Find.
…..c. Intent vs Disparate Impact
none
Case Law
none
Health
Mentally Misguided: How State of Mind Inquiries Ignore Psychological Reality and Overlook Cultural Differences—by Justin D. Levinson, Howard Law Journal (2005)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/qkwp80hli1o0go2yamoeb1q953041jun
Other Related Data or Information
Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups—by Susan Aud et al., U.S. Department Of Education, National Center For Education Statistics (2010)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/2y7kzj9sechpw6f1nckp76qpwxdqzoij
The Roots of The Widening Racial Wealth Gap: Explaining The Black-White Economic Divide—by Thomas Shapiro et al., Institute On Assets & Social Policy (2013)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/21xxcpf3lmve4fs18xvwkhrrwnp3n5op
Residential Vacancies And Homeownership In The Second Quarter 2016—by the U.S. Census Bureau News (2016)
https://equaljusticesociety.box.com/s/0ugos37s9tkc7zbb6004n1b6klg77bsz